I dont know about employment, but there are definitely lots of scholarships and services that they can access that other people can't.
I can definietly see the two sides for it.
On one hand, two Indigenous students got into Medicine when there were other students who performed better in exams/interview/aptitude test...
But Medicine has lots of different quotas. They have an Indigenous student quota (well, it's not really a quota but a if you want to do Medicine, we will try our hardest to get you in), they have a rural quota, an international student quota, a full fee paying quota, a mature age quota, etc etc.
So, some students are studying medicine because they are 'bonded' i.e. when they graduate they HAVE to spend 6 years working in rural areas. They get no scholarship for this (there are other rural scholarships but thats different).
These people will pass the requirements to get into Medicine (above 96 TER etc) but wouldnt have been offered a place in the top 200 or whatever. The uni rings the next people on the list and says "We will let you study Med but only if you go rural for 6 years"
(Now I have a whole heap of problems with this because they're asking 16/17 yr olds to make decisions that will impact their entire lives and dangling Medicine, this thing the student has aspired for in front of them..)
And they'll keep calling down the list until they find 20 or so studnts who say yes... So these students got in above those higher up the list because they said "yes, I will slave myself to your needs"
I see this kinda like the Indigenous quota... they wouldn't let in anyone who will have massive problems in medicine... If you're simply not smart enough, you're not smart enough...
I think the Indigenous quota for Medicine is more about growing more doctors who will want to work with Indigenous people than about PCness....
It's all about filing Australias needs for rural doctors and Indigenous doctors rather than "theyve historically been unpriveliged so lets help them out"
My partner however tutors Indigenous kids in high school and the governement pays for it completely.
Oh and another scheme which we researched in Med is called a SRA - Shared Responsibility Agreement... This comes from the fact that Australia has tried the heavy hand approach and it didn't work, we tried the self-determination approach and it didn't work so now we're trying a combined thing.
SRAs are basically agreements between an Indigenous community and the government with promises from both sides.
Now some are kinda extreme like "if the Indigenous people will send their kids to school every day and clean their ears etc, then they get a pool."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1626072/ (Im talking about the Mulan community agreement)
Now most people said "WOAH - they wash their faces, take the rubbish out and they get a pool? (in this case it was fuel bowsers) I do that already!! The government should pay for MY pool"
Which is a very valid point. The Indigenous side to some of the first agreements was very 'slack' in that they were things that you'd expect everyone to do anyway...
But Australia has been trying to work on Indigenous health for AGES and most things haven't worked...
If spending $200,000 on fuel bosers/ a pool/ whatever the community wants will reduce ear infections/Sexualy transmitted disease/whatever then is it worth it?